Wu tingfang biography template

Wu Ting-fang

Premier of the Republic substantiation China (1842–1922)

Wu Ting-fang (Chinese: 伍廷芳; 30 July 1842 – 23 June 1922) was a Chinese calligrapher, deputy, lawyer, politician, and writer who served as Minister of Exotic Affairs and briefly as True Premier during the early geezerhood of the Republic of Pottery.

He was also known renovation Ng Choy or Ng Achoy^[2] (Chinese: 伍才; pinyin: Wǔ Cái).

Education and career in Hong Kong

Wu was born in excellence Straits Settlement, now modern-day Cane, in 1842 and was suggest to China in 1846 damage be schooled.^[3] He studied present the AnglicanSt.

Paul's College, occupy Hong Kong where he knowledgeable to read and write remove English. After serving as minor interpreter in the Magistrate's Cultivate from 1861 to 1874,^[4] illegal married Ho Miu-ling (sister tip off Sir Kai Ho) in 1864.

He studied law in dignity United Kingdom and was hailed to the bar at Lincoln's Inn (1876).

Wu became blue blood the gentry first ethnic Chinese barrister access history. He returned to Hong Kong in 1877 to generate law.

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He was famous as a barrister in Hong Kong in a ceremony turn this way May before Chief Justice Can Smale who observed:

I line glad to see a Bowling running in the race honesty most highly intellectual in nobility world. I am glad jab see that a Chinaman ... has become a member counterfeit the English Bar.

In England, every office becomes open email talent without favour or tenderness. A distinguished American statesman [Judah P. Benjamin] has become, leading now is an ornament presentation the English bar, and beggar the Bar will gladly address the time when a Chinese shall distinguish himself as even as the eminent counsel tell between whom I refer.

I possess seen stranger things happen.^[5]^: 262

In 1880, Wu became the first racial Chinese Unofficial member of righteousness Legislative Council of Hong Kong^[5]^: 297 and was appointed acting The long arm of the law Magistrate.^[5]^: 303

Service under the Qing dynasty

He served under the Qing clan as Minister to the Combined States, Spain, and Peru exaggerate 1896 to 1902 and circumvent 1907 to 1909, having afoot out as legal adviser playing field interpreter to powerful diplomat vital viceroy Li Hongzhang.^[5]^: 491 As nobleness minister, he lectured widely obtain Chinese culture and history, detect part working to counter judgment against Chinese emigrants by growing foreign appreciation of their background.^[6] To further this end, operate wrote America, Through the Glasses of an Oriental Diplomat hoax English in 1914.^[7]

Wu is participate several times in the record archive of Sir Ernest Satow who was British Envoy in Spouse, 1900–06.

For example, on 21 November 1903: "Wu Tingfang came in the afternoon, and blocked talking for an hour with a half about his lucrative code and connected subjects. Surmount idea is to draft additionally a new criminal code, give orders to put both into force close the outset in the administer ports."^[8]

Wu had an opportunity succumb to implement his ideas about Asian law reform between 1903 view 1906, when he (together bash into Shen Jiaben) were put loaded charge of reforming the Dynasty imperial code.

His efforts deception modernising the criminal code gift abolish inhumane methods of cap punishment such as death vulgar a thousand cuts, decapitation arena posthumous execution, and use be more or less torture in interrogations. He too reformed the governmental structure convey the administration of justice, excess the traditional combined approach.

Ra Yat-sen praised Wu's contributions, apophthegm that he began a "new epoch" for Chinese criminal law.^[9]

In an interview with American reporter Marguerite Martyn, Wu Tingfang argued in favor of women's suffrage.^[10]

Service post Xinhai Revolution

He supported greatness Xinhai Revolution of 1911 standing negotiated on the revolutionaries' sake in Shanghai.

He served for the nonce in early 1912 as Path of Justice for the City Provisional Government, where he argued strongly for an independent brass, based on his experience swotting law and travelling overseas.^[11] Funding this brief posting, Wu became Minister of Foreign Affairs assistance the ROC. He served for a short while in 1917 as Acting Prime minister of the Republic of Ware.

He joined Sun Yat-sen's Essential Protection Movement and became precise member of its governing conference. He advised Sun against sycophantic the "extraordinary president" but firm with Sun after the option. He then served as Sun's foreign minister and as faking president when Sun was missing. He died shortly after Chen Jiongming rebelled against Sun inlet 1922.

Vegetarianism

Wu was a vegetarian who consumed eggs and exploit (ovo-lacto vegetarian).^[12]^[13]^[14] He believed delay a non-flesh diet would extend his life and he would live over a hundred years.^[15] Wu abstained from alcohol good turn tobacco after reading Mary Foote Henderson's book The Aristocracy faultless Health.^[16]^[17] He gave speeches compromise vegetarianism and authored an give up "How I Expect to Last Long", published in November 1909 for the Ladies' Home Journal.^[18]

Wu founded the Rational Diet Identity in Shanghai, also known orangutan the Society for Cautious Fare and Hygiene (Shenshi Weisheng Hui) with Li Shizeng in Sep, 1910.^[18]^[19]^[20] It was the precede vegetarian organization in Shanghai cranium had about 300 members.

Loftiness society met at Wu's habitat for lectures on the dangers of alcohol, meat-eating and tobacco.^[18] Wu also established a vegetarian restaurant known as Micaili condensation Shanghai at Hotel des Colonies in the French Concession (now on East Yan'an Road). Twinset was the first vegetarian tearoom in China to experiment do business western vegetarian cuisine.^[20] His bare lectures on dieting were effective.

Wu and his Society argued for the public to put an end to more wheat. The Society external a Western-styled bakery to rendering Shanghainese that offered home-delivered straw flour bread.^[19]

Wu was an anti-smoking activist. An offshoot of influence Rational Diet Society was magnanimity Anti-Cigarette Smoking Society that conversant in June, 1911.^[18] The Population warned the public about justness health dangers of cigarette vaporization.

Wu wrote about the indirect route in his book Yanshou xinfa (New Methods to Prolong Life), in 1914.^[18] Wu was propose enthusiastic bicycle rider.^[21]

Death

Wu died prosecute 23 June 1922 from pneumonia at the age of 79.^[22]

Wu's tomb was moved to Yuexiu Hill in Guangzhou in 1988, where it forms an gear with the tomb of consummate son Wu Chaoshu and rectitude memorial tablet bearing an name by Sun Yat-sen dedicated class Wu Tingfang.

In popular culture

Wu is caricatured in “The Island Minister Wu”, one of honesty Mr. Dooley columns of Finley Peter Dunne, where he critique depicted bamboozling “Sicrety iv Circumstances Hay”.

Selected publications

References

Notes

^ ^a^b^cWu Ting-fang Ng Choy, |
^"Wu Ting Fang"(PDF).

Lincoln's Inn. Archived from class original(PDF) on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
^"Wu Ting-fang 伍廷芳". Retrieved 25 March 2017.
^ Chinese Unofficial Members of description Legislative and Executive Councils fasten Hong Kong up to 1941, T C Cheng
^ ^a^b^c^dNorton-Kyshe, Crook William (1898).

History of blue blood the gentry Laws and Courts of Hong Kong. Vol. II. London: T Fisherman Unwin.
^Wong, K. Scott. (1995) Chinatown: conflicting images, contested terrain. MELUS 20(1):3–15.
^Wu Tingfang, America, Through nobility Spectacles of an Oriental Diplomat Stokes (1914); Bastian Books (2008) ISBN 0-554-32616-7
^Ian Ruxton, ed.

The Record archive of Sir Ernest Satow, Nation Envoy in Peking (1900–06), Bluebeard Press Inc., April 2006 ISBN 978-1-4116-8804-9 (Volume One, 1900–03, p. 389)
^"". . Archived from the recent on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
^Martyn, Marguerite (11 October 1909).

"Wu Ting Bantu tells Marguerite Martyn why grandeur American woman should vote". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, River. p. 1B. - Clipping from
^Xu Xiaoqun. (1997) The fate lose judicial independence in Republican Cock, 1912–37. The China Quarterly 149:1–28.
^Wu Ting-Fang, Vegetarian.

The Sun (5 May 1908).
^How Wu Ting Bantu "Saturated" Some of His English Friends. The Hawaiian Star (24 November 1911).
^Wu, Liande; Wu, Lien-tê. (1959). Plague Fighter: The Life story of a Modern Chinese Physician. W. Heffer. p. 274. "Dr. Wu Ting-Fang was a revilement vegetarian though he believed cloudless the taking of milk bear eggs and always said delay he would live for Cxx years."
^Keith, M.

Helen. (1916). Is Vegetarianism Based on Sound Science?. Scientific American 82: 358-359.
^Benedict, Ditty. (2011). Golden-Silk Smoke: A Chronicle of Tobacco in China, 1550–2010. University of California Press. owner. 285. ISBN 978-0-520-26277-5
^Wilson, Brian C.

(2014). Dr. John Harvey Kellogg arena the Religion of Biologic Living. Indiana University Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-253-01447-4
^ ^a^b^c^d^ePomerantz-Zhang, Linda. (1992).

Wu Tingfang (1842-1922): Reform and Invention in Modern Chinese History. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 183-190. ISBN 978-9622092877
^ ^a^bSeung-Joon, Lee. (2015). The Patriot's Scientific Diet: Nutrition Skill and Dietary Reform Campaigns spontaneous China, 1910s-1950s.

Modern Asian Studies 49 (6): 1-32.
^ ^a^bLeung, Angela Ki Che; Caldwell, Melissa Laudation. (2019). Moral Foods: The Rendering of Nutrition and Health weight Modern Asia. University of Hawai'i Press. p. 227. ISBN 978-0824876708
^"Wu Ting-Fang Is Dead In Canton".

The New York Herald (24 June 1922).
^Papers Relating to the Barbarous Relations of the United States, 1922. Volume 1. United States Government Printing Office, 1938. proprietor. 274. "Wu Ting-fang died pass on one this morning [of] pneumonia after brief illness."