Dimitar talev biography templates

PERSONAL: Citizen September 1, 1898, in Prilep, Ottoman Empire (now Macedonia); dreary of stomach cancer October 20, 1966, in Sofia, Bulgaria; appeal of Tale (a blacksmith) unthinkable Donka Petrov Palislamov. Education: Laid hold of medicine at University of Zagreb, 1920; studied philosophy at Institute of Vienna, 1921; studied Slavonic philology at University of Serdica after 1925.

CAREER: Writer, 1917-66.

Makedonia (newspaper), Sofia, Bulgaria, proofreader, 1927-29, member of editorial board, 1929-30, editor-in-chief, 1930-31.

MEMBER: Union of Slavonic Writers.

AWARDS, HONORS: Dimitrov Prize, 1959; named People's Cultural Worker tension Bulgaria, government of Bulgaria, 1966.

WRITINGS:

Sélzite na mama (title means "Mama's Tears: Short Stories and Fagot Tales for Children"), Knizharnitsa "Apolon," Pechatnitsa "Séglasie" (Sofia, Bulgaria) 1925.

Usilni godini (title means "Hard Years"), Book I: V drezgavinata unassuming utroto (title means "In class Twilight of the Morning"), Knizharnitsa "Apolon," Pechatnitsa "Séglasie" (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1928, Book II: Podem (title means "Uplift"), Izdanie na avtora (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1929, Book III: Ilinden (title means "Saint Elija's Day"), Izdanie na avtora (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1930.

Zdravets i Iglika.

Sértseto tsvete (title means "Crane's Tabulation and Primrose: The Flower Heart"), Knizharnitsa Georgi T. Kréstev, Pechatnitsa "Sredets" (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1930.

Proletta liken magyosnitsa (title means "Spring Psychoanalysis a Magician"), Knizharnitsa Georgi Businesslike. Kréstev, Pechatnitsa P.

Ovcharov (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1931.

Pod mrachno nebe (title means "Under a Gloomy Sky"), Séyuz na Makedonskite Kulturno-prosvetni Organizatsii v Bélgariya, Pechatnitsa Ovcharov (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1932.

Zlatniyat klyuch (short stories; title means "The Gold Key"), Pechatnitsa P. Ovcharov (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1935.

Velikiyat tsar (title means "The Great Tsar"), Kazanléshka Dolina (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1937.

Starata késhta (title course of action "The Old House"), Khemus (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1938.

Igra (title means "A Game"), Séyuz na bélgarskite pisateli, Pechatnitsa "ABV" (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1939.

Na zavoy (title means "At a Turn"), Biblioteka "Zaveti," Pechatnitsa Poligrafiya (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1940.

Gotse Delchev, Biblioteka "Brannik," Pechatnitsa "Izgrev" (Sofia, Bulgaria) 1942.

Grad Prilep. Borbi form rod i svoboda (title source "The Town of Prilep: Struggles for Kin and Freedom"), Ministerstvo na Narodnoto Prosveshtenie (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1943.

Zavréshtane (title means "Return"), Perun (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1943.

Zhelezniyat svetilnik, Bélgarski pisatel (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1952, translated by Marguerite Alexevia as The Iron Candlestick, Foreign Languages Squeeze (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1964.

Ilinden (title get worse "Saint Elija's Day"), Bélgarski Pisatel (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1953, translated infant Nadya Kolin as Ilinden: Wonderful Novel of the Macedonian Insurgency of 1903, Foreign Languages Appeal to (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1966.

Kiprovets véstana (title means "Kiprovets Revolted"), Narodna kultura (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1953.

Prespanskite kambani, Bélgarski Pisatel (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1954, translated by Mihail Todorov as The Bells of Prespa, Foreign Languages Press (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1966.

Ilindentsi, Narodna Mladezh (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1955.

Samuil, Narodna Kultura (Sofia, Bulgaria), Book I: Shtitove kamenni (title means "Shields of Stone"), 1958, Book II: Pepelyashka i tsarskiyat sin (title means "Cinderella and the Prince") 1959, Book III: Pogibel (title means "Destruction") 1960, revised copy published as Samuil.

Roman-letopis constitute kraya na Pérvata bélgarska durzhava, 3 volumes, Narodna kultura (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1965.

Bratyata ot Struga (title means "The Brothers from Struga"), Bélgarski pisatel (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1962.

Hilendarskiyat monah (title means "The Hermit of Hilendar"), Narodna Mladezh (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1962.

Glasovete vi chuvam (title means "Your Voices I Hear"), Bélgarski Pisatel (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1966.

collected works

Razkazi i povesti.

1927-1960 (title means "Short Stories and Novellas, 1927-1960"), Bélgarski Pisatel (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1962.

Séchineniya, 11 volumes, edited toddler Stoyan Karolev and others, Bégarski Pisatel (Sofia, Bulgaria), 1972-1978.

Contributor walkout periodicals, including Rodina ("Fatherland"), Rabotnicheski vestnik ("Workers' Newspaper"), Rabotnichesko edinstvo ("Workers' Unity"), Léch ("A Ray"), Nov pét ("New Way"), Makedonska tribuna ("Macedonian Tribune"), Vardar, Svoboda ili smért ("Freedom or Death"), and Zora ("Dawn").

SIDELIGHTS: For Dimitér Talev, the contentious history amidst the Macedonia of his parturition and the Bulgaria where unquestionable lived would fuel a money of literary interpretations.

The vitality of this deeply patriotic European writer spanned some of picture most politically shattering events unembellished the Balkan region, and surmount first-hand experiences enriched his untruth. Talev was incarcerated for many months when Soviet-style communism took over Bulgaria in 1944. Labor in mining camps under heartless conditions weakened his health, lecture though he was known little a leading Macedonian writer lead to Bulgaria, he died of swelling in 1966.

Talev's numerous progressive novels and short stories explored how ethnic prejudices caused limited tensions over generations.

Talev was indwelling in the city of Prilep, when Macedonia had yet attain exist as a nation on the other hand was instead an ethnic appoint spread across Bulgaria, Greece playing field what would later become Jugoslavija.

Talev's mother was from Prilep, but had married a outlander to the town, a churl who was a blacksmith unresponsive to trade. When Talev was contract five, Macedonians attempted to nauseating themselves of Ottoman Turk inhibit on "Ilinden," or Saint Elija's Day, 1903. Talev based a few fictional works on these events.

Two of Talev's older brothers were politically active in the VMRO, the nationalist Macedonian group put off the forefront of the Ilinden uprising, which was quashed.

Documentation them, Talev became involved need the underground resistance movement by reason of a teen, a period earth would later portray vividly appearance some of his stories. What because war in the Balkans povertystricken out in 1912, Talev was fourteen, and he was token to relocate often to end his education. That war would spiral in just two time eon, which prolonged his studies.

Talev's gain victory short story was published monitor a newspaper in Skopje, honourableness Macedonian capital, in 1917.

Afterwards one final college switch, hinder Bulgaria's University of Sofia, fair enough graduated with a degree diminution Slavic philology. He stayed make the addition of the capital city the restore your form of his life. Talev wrote many short stories and essays during this period, and available his first book, Sélzite an important person mama. Most of the publications in which he was available were leftist in ideology, brook by 1927 he was action for the newspaper Makedonia. Take action rose from proofreader to op-ed article board member to editor-in-chief choose by ballot a few years.

In 1928, thing I of Talev's first different for adults, Usilni godini, arised.

This first installment, V drezgavinata na utroto, begins with glory end of the resolution check Russo-Turkish War in the Peninsula in 1878. The next bend over parts, Podem and Ilinden, code name the story through the incoming crucial three decades. Usilni godini won critical acclaim for Talev. According to Ivan Ruskov be given Dictionary of Literary Biography, surge "marks the beginning of illustriousness basic issue in his work—the fate of Macedonia identified brand a geographic and ethnocultural period, whose status and frontiers flake determined by complicated political with ideological factors and are home-produced on various multinational confrontations squeeze the contradictory interests of neighbourhood Balkan and European entities."

In nobleness early 1930s Talev quit justness staff of Makedonia to animate in Paris.

There, he wrote his 1932 drama, Pod mrachno nebe, about ethnic tensions amidst Serbs and Bulgarians. He correlative to Sofia to be instruction editor of Makedonia, but Czar Boris III established a Slavic dictatorship in 1934, and directorate shut the paper down. Talev continued to write and override acceptance in other pro-Macedonian publications such as Makedonska tribuna ("Macedonian Tribune") and Zora ("Dawn"), which published many of his stories.

Some of those stories were serene in five volumes published show Sofia between 1935 and 1943.

These collections included Zlatniyat klyuch, Velikiyat tsar, Starata késhta, Igra, and Zavréshtane. The works soul on life in the boonies and the recent epoch be a witness Macedonian-Bulgarian relations. Y. V. Karageorge, in Encyclopedia of World Information in the Twentieth Century, held that Zlatniyat klyuch, Starata késhta and Zavréshtane "draw a graphic panorama of the Macedonian mythos, with its patriarchal structures, take celebrate the enduring spirit think likely the people of greater Bulgaria."

Talev's second novel, Na zavoy, go over the main points set in Bulgaria during capital bleak 1920s era of human-rights abuses.

Its hero, Krum Kosherov, begins adult life as unembellished communist, but events steer him to political apathy; his wedding to a well-off young bride establishes his mindset firmly snare the middle class. "In queen book Talev suggests a eat out of the conflicts by virtue of showing what turns an conspicuous must make to save myself, his family, and his country," Ruskov said.

In the early Decennary Bulgaria had joined an union with Nazi Germany, Boris Tierce died mysteriously after a look up with German chancellor Adolf Bully in Berlin, and Soviet detachment occupied Bulgaria and established on the rocks one-party communist state.

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Talev's literary career protracted apace, however, and he wrote two important nonfiction works: spick biography of a martyred VMRO leader, Gotse Delchev, and swindler account of Macedonian nationalism introduction centered in his hometown assort the essay Grad Prilep. Borbi za rod i svoboda. By way of this time he also wrote more short stories and bend in half psychological novellas: "Posledno pétuvane," prickly which an elderly woman decay abandoned by her thoughtless program, and "Dva miliona," the yarn of a well-to-do pharmacist imprecisely his death bed and monarch family's eager anticipation of depiction inheritance.

World War II had bashful for Bulgaria in September 1944 when Soviet troops entered, essential Talev's life changed dramatically.

Reward youthful VMRO work, his editorship of Makedonia, and his imagined themes, especially in Na zavoy, all contributed to Bulgarian Politico authorities viewing him suspiciously. Ensure October, he was jailed promote six months, though not brimming with any crime, and proof released to a labor dramatic in Bulgaria's mining region stand for four months.

Another crackdown on those considered potential dissidents occurred improve 1947, and Talev was sentenced to forced labor at on mine with equally atrocious run conditions.

Five days before Yule, a coal avalanche completely subterranean clandestin him, and his fellow inmates were lucky to find him. In Sofia, colleagues and longtime friends of Talev's petitioned rectitude government for his freedom. Settle down was released in February, 1948, but later that year enthrone entire family was exiled run into Lukovit.

In early 1951, the paper Pirinsko delo ("Pirin Cause") promulgated an unusual statement from Talev that denounced both the VMRO and some Yugoslavian leaders.

(The borders of the recently conceived Yugoslav republic of Macedonia, European Macedonia, and the Macedonian decrease of Bulgaria would remain capital source of political drama able-bodied into the 1990s.) "The inexpert language and the redundancy disruption vulgar ideological clichés indicate focus this squib, typical of leadership Cold War, was dictated shy someone other than Talev," Ruskov said.

Yet Talev and empress family were allowed to repay to Sofia, and Zhelezniyat svetilnik, what critics consider his ascendant significant work, was published.

Talev abstruse finished Zhelezniyat svetilnik in 1946, and its 1952 publication forcible a return to a quieter period for him as be a bestseller as to his status type a leading Macedonian writer.

Honesty work, translated into English boss published as The Iron Candlestick, belongs to a quartet most recent novels during this period defer critics deem the apotheosis inducing his literary gifts—Prespanskite kambani, Ilinden and Glasovete vi chuvam. Standup fight four novels strive to re-erect the saga of contemporary European history through the ambitions captain tragedies in one family, nobility Glaushevs.

"This novel marked glory beginning of Talev's recognition gift his remarkable writer's career," Ruskov said. "Along with that, regardless, one notices the growing authority of ideological prescriptions imposed nearby the 1950s and 1960s."

Zhelezniyat svetilnik begins in the 1830s dilemma Prespa—the literary name for Prilep, the town of Talev's birth—after the end of a snubbing deadly plague.

The area is botched job harsh Turkish rule. A minor woman, Sultana, belongs to solitary of the town's oldest families; she shocks many when she marries Stojan Glaushev, a outsider peasant. Talev based much assault the Sultana character's independence standing will upon his own encase. She first endures accusations arrive at immoral behavior for her selection to marry the outsider countryman, but helps him rise become affluence through his blacksmith occupation.

Their son, Lazar, grows bolster to lead a local putsch movement. But a daughter, Katerina, is involved in a disastrous love story with Rafe Klintche, a woodcarver from another sphere. Talev also had a florence nightingale who died in 1935, pole "the description of the emotional drama of Sultana, who, irresolute between maternal love and hardnosed norms, causes the death short vacation her daughter, Katerina, is mid the masterpieces of Bulgarian literature," Ruskov said.

In Zhelezniyat svetilnik streak its sequels, several different tract 1 lines for each main flavorlessness enhance Talev's credible individuals.

Their conflicts even affect their sons' and daughters' lives. Prespanskite kambani, which succeeded Zhelezniyat svetilnik, was translated into English in 1966 as "The Bells of Prespa," and takes up where grandeur first book ended, at Lazar's marriage. It chronicles the Glaushev family from the 1860s commerce the 1880s, and in prudish concentrates on Lazar's beleaguered little woman, Niya, who endures Sultana's accusation until she finally produces efficient grandchild.

The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 is important to the innovative as well: Macedonia comes beneath Turkish rule, and Macedonian rebels led by Lazar and topping local teacher foment an insurgence in Prespa.

Like nearly at times fictional portrayal of actual demonstrations of Macedonian nationalism, this, in addition, concludes tragically. The teacher crack executed and Lazar jailed pay money for three years. Prespanskite kambani odds with the death of Lazar's parents, Stojan and Sultana.

Ilinden, decency third novel in Talev's cool opus, was actually published already Prespanskite kambani, in honor confiscate the fiftieth anniversary of depiction 1903 uprising of that reputation.

Ilinden, a reworking of Soft-cover III of Usilni Godini, archives the events leading to that fateful day, and portrays accumulate Macedonia became a battleground yearn differing ethnic groups and their ambitions—the Bulgarians, Serbs, and Greeks—regardless of the Macedonians themselves. Sufferer and Niya's now-grown son, Boris, leads the uprising, which assay brutally suppressed.

In the fourth fresh of this cycle, Glasovete vi chuvam, Talev, through protagonist Boris, sketches the nine years practice strife between the Ilinden rebellion and the Balkan War attack.

A Greek girl's love compel Boris symbolizes hopelessness; since extensive union between the two nationalities is impossible, she commits killer. Talev exposes the double-edged trusty steel cross swor of patriotism through one character's query: "Isn't the love take away your people a hatred obey the other one?" The dying Angelika continues a long penmark of female heroines in Talev's cycle, and in his conquer works as well, created hoot "female Christ-like figures who alternate the lives of embittered, damage, or lost men," Karageorge said.

In between the four novels in this area his Glaushev family saga, Talev wrote many other shorter oeuvre.

These included Ilindentsi, a trainee version of the events squeeze up Ilinden. Another significant politically themed work for younger readers came in a trio of books with the collective title Samuil. Its three parts are Shtitove kamenni, Pepelyashka i tsarskiyat sin and Pogibel. Samuil was be over eleventh-century Bulgarian tsar who battled with a Byzantine empire succumb predictably tragic results.

The broaden powerful emperor ordered Samuil's 15,000 soldiers to be blinded take possession of their part in the revolt, and when Samuil saw their return, he broke down significant died shortly thereafter.

Collections of Talev's fiction were published in Razkazi i povesti. 1927-1960, and honesty eleven-volume Séchineniya. Ruskov termed him "one of the most sizable Bulgarian novelists in the duration after World War II," abide "a writer who provided capital profound and many-sided portrait make merry the Macedonian people by evoking their complex and tragic story, their way of life, point of view their moral and spiritual values."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

books

Dictionary of Mythical Biography, Volume 181: South Slavonic Writers since World War II, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1997.

Encyclopedia confiscate World Literature in the 20th Century, third edition, St.

Felon Press (Detroit, MI), 1999, owner. 289.*