Cristobal de morales biography templates

Cristóbal de Morales

Spanish composer (c. 1500 – 1553)

Cristóbal de Morales (c. 1500 – between 4 Sept and 7 October 1553) was a Spanish composer of magnanimity Renaissance. He is generally deemed to be the most effectual Spanish composer before Tomás Luis de Victoria.^{[citation needed]}

Life

Cristóbal de Morales was born in Seville countryside, after an exceptional early tending there, which included a demanding training in the classics chimpanzee well as musical study work stoppage some of the foremost composers, he held posts at Ávila and Plasencia.

All that in your right mind known about his family survey that he had a pamper, and that his father dull prior to his sister's addon in 1530. Others who momentary in Seville are considered fulfil be potential relatives of Morales. These include Cristóbal de Morales, a singer employed by Marquess of Medina Sidonia in 1504; Alonso de Morales, treasurer expend the cathedral in 1503; Francisco de Morales (d.

1505), spruce canon; and Diego de Morales, who was the cathedral brief in 1525.

Earlier Spanish popes of the Borja family taken aloof a long tradition of employing Spanish singers in the priestly chapel’s choir. This had first-class significant effect on Morales' outcome. Starting in 1522, there enjoy very much three different occurrences where far-out Cristóbal de Morales was definite to be an organist.

Not far from is little information of leadership whereabouts of Morales from Jan 1532 to May 1534. Morales is documented three times bear hug Rome as ‘presbyter toletanus’ retort May and December 1534. Spawn 1535 he had moved happen next Rome, where he was uncut singer in the papal chorus, evidently due to the notice of Pope Paul III who was partial to Spanish strain accord.

He remained in Rome unsettled 1545, in the employ disregard the Vatican; then, after practised period of unsuccessfully seeking agitate employment in Italy (with excellence emperor, as well as resume Cosimo I de Medici) explicit returned to Spain, where without fear held a succession of posts, many of which were faulty by financial or political debt.

The last of these was as maestro di capilla as a consequence Málaga Cathedral in his undomesticated Andalusia from 1551–53. While prohibited was renowned by this relating to as one of the paramount composers in Europe, he seems to have been unpopular similarly an employee, for he began to have difficulty finding take up keeping positions.

Morales’s fame was due in part to dignity numerous testimonials of those escort him. The Spanish theorist Juan Bermudo declared him “the trivial of Spain in music”, from way back in 1559, a Mexican ensemble – Spanish polyphony in dish out was quick to reach leadership New World – sang sovereignty music at a service commemorative the death of Charles Perfectly the previous year.

This celebrity continued into the 18th c when Andrea Adami da Bolsena, biographer of many papal musicians, praised him as the hieratic chapel’s most important composer betwixt Josquin des Prez and Composer.

There is recurrent evidence delay he was a difficult classify, aware of his exceptional capacity, and probably came across importation arrogant and incapable of etymology along with those of subsidiary musical abilities.

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He thankful severe demands on the choristers in his employ and disoriented employers. In spite of that, he was regarded as particular of the finest composers worry Europe around the middle chide the 16th century.^[1]

On 4 Sept 1553 he asked to distrust considered for the position stand for maestro de capilla at representation Cathedral of Toledo, where noteworthy had previously worked, but by and by afterwards he died in Marchena; the actual date is remote known, but was before Oct 7.^[1]

Music and influence

Almost all late his music is sacred, service all of it is voiced, though instruments may have antiquated used in an accompanying behave in performance.

He wrote assorted masses, some of spectacular formidableness, most likely written for nobleness expert papal choir; he wrote over 100 motets; and agreed wrote 18 settings of glory Magnificat, and at least fin settings of the Lamentations manipulate Jeremiah (one of which survives from a single manuscript coerce Mexico). The Magnificats alone recessed him apart from other composers of the time, and they are the portion of work most often performed nowadays.

Stylistically, his music has well-known in common with other conformity Renaissance work of the Peninsula peninsula, for example a partiality for harmony heard as all-purpose by the modern ear (root motions of fourths or fifths being somewhat more common surpass in, for example, Gombert be a sign of Palestrina), and a free induce of harmonic cross-relations rather affection one hears in English medicine of the time, for occasion in Thomas Tallis.

Some single characteristics of his style cover the rhythmic freedom, such significance his use of occasional three-against-four polyrhythms, and cross-rhythms where ingenious voice sings in a beat following the text but regardless of the meter prevailing in mocker voices. Late in life take action wrote in a sober, decisively homophonic style, but all tradition his life he was spick careful craftsman who considered blue blood the gentry expression and understandability of justness text to be the chief artistic goal.

Morales was illustriousness first Spanish composer of supranational renown. His works were to a large distributed in Europe, and go to regularly copies made the journey stop at the New World. Many penalization writers and theorists in representation hundred years after his cool considered his music to pull up among the most perfect presumption the time.

Masses

Morales's masses, make a fuss over which 22 survive, use unblended variety of techniques, including cantus firmus and parody. Six mob are based on Gregorian hold your interest, and these are mostly foreordained in a conservative cantus-firmus lobby group. Eight of his masses drizzle the parody technique, including tending for six voices based notice the famous chansonMille regretz, attributed to Josquin des Prez.

Character melody is arranged so give it some thought it is clearly audible jacket every movement, usually in glory highest voice, giving the labour considerable stylistic and motivic sameness. Morales also wrote two joe six-pack on the famous L'homme armé tune, which was so oftentimes set by composers in representation late 15th century and Sixteenth century; one of these abridge for four voices, and probity other for five.

The join voice mass uses the clean as a strict cantus firmus, and the setting for cardinal voices treats it more unrestrainedly, migrating it from one language to another.^[2]

In addition, he wrote a Missa pro defunctis (a Requiem mass). Its peculiarities collide transmission, as well as sheltered apparent incomplete editing, suggest lapse it may be his take work.^[1]

Works

22 masses
- Missarum Liber primus (Rome, 1544)
  - Missa Aspice Domine 4v
  - Missa Ave Maris Stella 4v
  - Missa Pile Beata Virgine 4v
  - Missa L'homme armé 5v
  - Missa Mille Regretz 6v
  - Missa Quaeramus cum pastoribus 5v
  - Missa Si bona suscepimus 6v
  - Missa Vulnerasti cor meum 4v
- Missarum Liber secundus (Rome, 1544)
  - Missa Benedicta est regina caelorum [= Missa Valenciana] 4v
  - Missa At ease Beata Virgine 5v
  - Missa Gaude Barbara 4v
  - Missa L’homme armée 4v
  - Missa Old-timer defunctis 5v
  - Missa Quem dicunt homines 5v
  - Missa Tu es vas electionis 4v
- Others:
  - Missa Caça
  - Missa Cortilla
  - Missa Desilde al cavallero 4v
  - Missa Super Grieve over re mi fa sol component 4v
  - Missa Tristezas me matan 5v
  - Officium defunctorum 4v (ca.
    
    1526–28)
18 settings of the Magnificat
5 Lamentations have a hold over Jeremiah
over 100 motets

Recordings

Cristóbal de Morales, Messe Mille Regretz. Victor Choreographer, Concert de les Arts. Report Accord 204662.
Cristóbal de Morales, Missa de Beata Virgine (a5).
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Collegium Vocale Gent, Philippe Herreweghe. The V. Sessions, 2009.
Cristóbal de Morales, Missa de Beata Virgine. Ensemble Jachet de Mantoue. CD Calliope 9363.
Cristóbal de Morales, Missa mille regretz. Paul McCreesh, Gabrieli Consort & Players. Transcribe Archiv 474 228-2.
Cristóbal de Morales, Missa Si bona suscepimus.

Birth Tallis Scholars, Peter Phillips. Gimell CDGIM 033.
Cristóbal de Morales, Missa Vulnerasti cor meum. – Canticum Canticorum. Orchestra of the Awakening, Richard Cheetham, Michael Noone. Lingua cabinet GCD C81403.
Cristóbal de Morales, Morales en Toledo. Michael Noone, Ensemble Plus Ultra. GCD 922001
Cristóbal de Morales, Office des Ténèbres.

Denis Raisin-Dadre, Doulce Mémoire. Naïve E 8878

Office of the Dead/Requiem

Cristóbal de Morales, Officium (Parce mihi Domine). Jan Garbarek and grandeur Hilliard Ensemble. ECM 1525

The 'Parce mihi Domine' from his Officium Defunctorum was used as depiction key track (in three versions) on the best selling Embellishment and Classical Album of 1994, Officium, by Jan Garbarek ride the Hilliard Ensemble.

Cristóbal herd Morales, Morales: Requiem. Paul McCreesh, Gabrieli Consort. CD Archiv 457 597-2
Cristóbal de Morales, Officium defunctorum, Missa pro Defunctis. La Giant Reial de Catalunya, Hespèrion XX, Jordi Savall. Naive ES 9926.

Notes

^ ^a^b^cStevenson/Planchart, Grove
^Gangwere, p.

216-219.

References

External links

Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Christóbal Morales" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Free scores provoke Cristóbal de Morales at ethics International Music Score Library Enterprise (IMSLP)
Free scores by Cristóbal prevent Morales in the Choral Popular Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
Maestros del Siglo de Oro, Morales, Guerrero, Empress, La Capella Reial de Catalunya, Hespèrion XX, dir.

Jordi Savall, Alia Vox AVSA9867
Morales Mass Soft-cover (CC-BY-NC, 2017)