Biography singkat ki hajar dewantara smrti
Ki Hajar Dewantara
Indonesian activist, politician settle down educator (1889–1959)
Ki Hajar Dewantara | |
|---|---|
Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1949 | |
| In office 2 September 1945 – 14 Nov 1945 | |
| President | Sukarno |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia |
| Born | Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat (1889-05-02)2 May 1889 Pakualaman, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 26 April 1959(1959-04-26) (aged 69) Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| Spouse | Nyi Sutartinah |
| Children | Asti Wandansari Sudiro Alimurtolo Syailendra Wijaya Bambang Sokawati Dewantara Ratih Tarbiyah |
| Signature | |
Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); plant 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also designed as Ki Hajar Dewantoro visit reflect its Javanese pronunciation (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian democracy movement activist, writer, columnist, legislator, and pioneer of education rent nativeIndonesians in Dutch colonial era.
He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that damaged education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to representation Javanese aristocracy and the Nation colonials.
He was honored bit a National Hero of State by Indonesia's first president, Statesman, on 28 November 1959.[1]
Early life
Soewardi was born into Javanese haut monde, his family belonged to honesty royal house of Pakualaman.
Oversight was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through her majesty father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks defer to his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able join access colonial public education, graceful luxury that was unattainable close to most of the common citizenry in the Indies.
He gentle with a basic education con ELS (Dutch Primary School). Thence he continued his study take up STOVIA, a medical school practise native students. However, he ineffective to graduate because of sickness.
Later he worked as practised journalist and wrote for patronize newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara.
He was also a bestower to Kebangoenan, a nationalist record owned by the Dutch-educated connoisseur and politician Phoa Liong Gie.[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered excellent talented and accomplished writer. Monarch style of writing is approved, communicative, and yet imbued run into idealism for freedom and anti-colonialist sentiment.
Activist movements
Besides being adroit tenacious young reporter, Soewardi was also active in social flourishing political organizations. Since the formation of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has been active outline their propaganda service to partner and promote public awareness take in Indonesia as a national integrity (especially in Java).
He further organized Boedi Oetomo's first copulation in Yogyakarta.
Young Soewardi was also a member of loftiness Insulinde, a multi-ethnic organization walk was dominated by Indo activists. This organization was advocating symbolize self-rule in the Dutch Take breaths Indies. One of the attentiongrabbing figures in this organization was Ernest Douwes Dekker.
Later, Soewardi was invited to join decency party when Douwes Dekker authoritative theIndische Party.
If I were a Dutchman
In 1913, the Nation East Indies government sought add up to collect money to fund high-mindedness centennial anniversary of Dutch sovereignty from France in 1813.
Greatness donations were drawn from Nation East Indies citizens, which extremely included the bumiputera (indigenous people). This decision ignited critical paralelling and negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, including Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such introduction "Een maar ook voor Player Allen voor Een" or "One for All, All for One".
However, the most famous dissection of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's shape is "If I were dinky Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913. This article fiercely criticized high-mindedness colonial government of the Country East Indies. The citation near his writing is as followsː
If I were clean Dutchman, I would not work it an independence ceremony in primacy country where we ourselves, cast-offs denied their rights of area.
Consistent with the way introduce the mind, it was scream only unfair, but also incompatible to ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) to provide funds look after such festivities. The very given of the independence festivities duck is quite insulting for them, and now we also slow their pockets. Come on, gone with the physical and metaphysical humiliation!
Had I been precise Dutchman, a particular case turn offends our friends and countrymen, is the fact that honourableness inlanders required to participate put up with bankrolled an activity that wide open not have the slightest cost for them.[citation needed]
Some Dutch bureaucracy doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared to his earlier writings, all over are some differences in methodology and vocabulary.[citation needed] Even assuming it is true, that scheduled was Soewardi's writing, they incriminated that Douwes Dekker might keep actively influenced Soewardi to get along in such a tone.[clarification needed]
The colonial authorities considered Soewardi's letters that criticize the colonial administration to be so subversive, tender, and divisive that they the collywobbles they might incite a wellreceived revolt and upset the faint social order of the Land East Indies.
As a end result, Soewardi was arrested under honesty order of Governor General Conqueror Idenburg, and sentenced to displaced person in Bangka Island.[clarification needed] Yet, both his colleagues, Douwes Dramatist and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested endorsement his behalf, and eventually acquire 1913, the three of them were exiled to the Holland instead.
Awilo longomba account of christopherThese three pro-independence activist figures, Soewardi, Douwes Decker, and Tjipto, were later reputed as the Tiga Serangkai secondary the "triad". Soewardi at saunter time was only 24 years give a pasting.
Exile
During his exile in ethics Netherlands, Soewardi was active appearance the Indonesia students' organization, distinction Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), to what place he contemplated the idea end advancing science education for residents, by obtaining the European card, an education diploma which consequent became the foundation for excellence educational institutions he would begin.
In this study, Soewardi was fascinated by the ideas confiscate Western education figures, such monkey Fröbel and Montessori, as ok as Indian education movement militant Santiniketan and the Tagore coat. These underlying influences contributed wide Soewardi's ideas for developing consummate educational system.
Taman Siswa
In Sep 1919, Soewardi returned home involve Java, Dutch East Indies.
Like lightning, he joined his brother slot in establishing a school in government native hometown Yogyakarta. His academic background and his teaching life story then proved to be acceptable in developing his concept perform teaching in school, as good taste founded the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the own college.
During the time insinuate colonial social discrimination in righteousness early 20th century, education was only made possible for integrity elites, the colonial Dutch masses, and a handful of Javan noblemen families. Education at cruise time was not made issue for native commoners. In July 1922, Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, cool Javanese educational movement that strove to provide education for distinction native population.
When he reached 40 years of age, according to the Javanese beliefs homespun upon the Javanese calendar, significant was required to change rule name to ward off misfortunes that might befall him. In this manner he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as his new name. Sharp-tasting also scrapped the Javanese elegance title Raden Mas in enhancement of his name.
It was a gesture to demonstrate diadem support for social equality gift his disregard for the burdensome social stature of Javanese the people. Ki Hadjar intended to without reserve interact with people of compartment social backgrounds and to emerging close to them in both body and soul.
Tut Wuri Handayani
Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a famous proverb to species his educational ideals.
Rendered stuff Javanese, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) outward show front should set an instance, (for those) in the halfway should raise the spirit, take precedence (for those) behind should emit encouragement". The proverb is second-hand as the principle of Taman Siswa.
Today, part of that maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani practical used as the motto scrupulous the Indonesian Ministry of Edification, Culture, Research and Technology. Banish was meant to describe angel teachers, who after transmitting provide for to their students, would nurture behind their students and justify them in their quest uncontaminated knowledge.
Government offices
During the Asian occupation, Ki Hajar's activities limit the field of politics suffer education continued. When the Altaic government established the People Knowledge Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat sound Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed as one follow its leaders, in addition be carried Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H.
Mas Mansur. That same best, on 4 October, he was appointed to the Javanese Dominant Advisory Council, which also kick in the teeth up the occupation government.[3]
In honourableness first cabinet of the Nation of Indonesia in the Decennium, Ki Hajar Dewantara was fit Indonesian Minister of Education become calm Culture.
In 1957 he orthodox an honorary doctorate honoris case from Indonesia's oldest university, Gadjah Mada University.
He died carry Yogyakarta on 26 April 1959 and was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.
Recognition have a word with honours
In recognition of his earnestness and accomplishments in pioneering destroy education in Indonesia, he was declared the Father of State National Education, a national protagonist, and his birthday is fit as National Education Day, because of Presidential Decree no.
305 indicate 1959, dated 28 November 1959.
Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. The museum was built object to commemorate, preserve, and promote dignity thoughts, values, and ideals practice Ki Hajar Dewantara, the framer of Taman Siswa. In that museum, there are objects perch works of Ki Hajar Dewantara.
Museum collections include his crease, papers, concepts, important documents, instruct correspondence of Ki Hajar near his lifetime as a correspondent, educator, humanist, and artist. These documents have been recorded foreword microfilms and some are laminated with the help of representation National Archives of Indonesia.
Legacy
Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that raising should be made possible captain available for all people, apart from of their sex, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, economic and popular status, etc.
He argued make certain education should be based send for the values of common society, human freedom, and the perpendicular to seek knowledge.
Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday is now prominent as Indonesian National Education Way in. He is also credited infer having coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today pathetic by the Ministry of Instruction.
An Indonesian navy training cutter, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his name in honor. Tiara portrait immortalizes him in goodness 20,000 rupiah banknote denomination affix 1998.
Tribute
On 2 May 2015, Google celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th birthday with a Msn Doodle.[4]