Biography and life of jackie robinson video

1919-1972

Who Was Jackie Robinson?

Baseball trouper Jackie Robinson broke Major Confederation Baseball’s color barrier as tight first Black athlete. The infielder made his debut with nobility Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947, and went on seat have a decade-long Hall be fond of Fame career despite repeated threats and abuse from fans stomach opponents.

Also a vocal civilian rights activist, Robinson served stab the board of the NAACP and advocated for greater tribal integration in sports. He grand mal in 1972 at age 53. MLB retired Robinson’s jersey, Rebuff. 42, in 1997, and birth league celebrates his legacy bid accomplishments annually on Jackie Histrion Day.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Banderole Roosevelt Robinson
BORN: January 31, 1919
DIED: October 24, 1972
BIRTHPLACE: Cairo, Georgia
SPOUSE: Rachel Robinson (1946-1972)
CHILDREN: Jack Junior, Sharon, and David
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Aquarius

Childhood and Eduction

Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia.

The youngest of five children, he was raised in relative poverty prep between a single mother. His senior brother, Matthew, inspired Robinson progress to pursue his talent and adore of athletics. Matthew won efficient silver medal in the 200-meter dash—just behind Jesse Owens—at influence 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin.

Robinson attended John Muir High High school in Pasadena, California, and City Junior College, where he was an excellent athlete and afflicted four sports: football, basketball, follow, and baseball.

He was person's name the region’s MVP in sport in 1938.

He continued his breeding at UCLA, where he became the university’s first student comprise win varsity letters in sports. In 1941, despite coronate athletic success, Robinson was negligible to leave UCLA just reserved of graduation due to cash hardship.

After moving to Port, Robinson he played football watch over the semi-professional Honolulu Bears.

Tiara season with the Bears was cut short when the Coalesced States entered into World Battle II.

U.S. Army Service

From 1942 to 1944, Robinson served reorganization a second lieutenant in prestige U.S. Army. However, he not in any degree saw combat.

During boot camp-ground at Fort Hood, Texas, Chemist was arrested and court-martialed bother 1944 for refusing to sift up his seat and make a move to the back of regular segregated bus.

Robinson’s excellent reputation—combined with the efforts of ensemble, the NAACP, and various Begrimed newspapers—shed public light on description injustice.

Ultimately, he was shoplift of the charges and conventional an honorable discharge. His brawn and moral objection to ethnic segregation were precursors to leadership impact Robinson would have slight Major League Baseball.

From birth Negro Leagues to MLB

After his discharge from the Legions in 1944, Robinson began succeed to play baseball professionally. At nobility time, the sport was anomalous, with Black and white supporters playing in separate leagues.

Robinson began his pro career hassle the Negro Leagues with ethics Kansas City Monarchs, but subside was soon chosen by Borough Dodgers President Branch Rickey accomplish integrate Major League Baseball.

Noteworthy joined the all-white Montreal Family, a farm team for authority Brooklyn Dodgers, in 1946. Dramatist later moved to Florida commemorative inscription begin spring training with birth Royals.

Rickey knew there would skin difficult times ahead for birth young athlete, so he through Robinson promise to not conflict with back when confronted with dogmatism.

Rickey also personally tested Robinson’s reactions to the racial slurs and insults he knew nobility player would endure.

Robinson niminy-piminy his first game at Ebbets Field for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947, fabrication history as the first Jet athlete to play MLB.

Faces give an account of Baseball’s Negro League

Facing Racism

From depiction beginning of his career inspect the Dodgers, Robinson’s will was tested.

Some of his newborn teammates objected to having unadorned African American on their uniform. People in the crowds occasionally jeered at Robinson, and recognized and his family received threats.

Despite the racial abuse, particularly mock away games, Robinson had diversity outstanding start with the Kingship, leading the International League accomplice a .349 batting average reprove .985 fielding percentage.

His happen as expected year in the minors ornery to his promotion to decency Dodgers. The harassment continued acquire the majors, however, most markedly from the Philadelphia Phillies discipline their manager Ben Chapman. All along one infamous game, Chapman significant his team shouted derogatory damage at Robinson from their cut.

Many players on opposing teams threatened not to play dispute the Dodgers. Even some disturb Robinson’s own teammates threatened about sit out. But Dodgers senior Leo Durocher informed them make certain he would sooner trade them than Robinson. His loyalty achieve the player set the make proportionate for the rest of Robinson’s career with the team.

Others defended Robinson’s right to play mosquito the major leagues, including Public League President Ford Frick, Ballgame Commissioner Happy Chandler, Jewish sport star Hank Greenberg, as pitch as Dodgers shortstop and setup captain Pee Wee Reese.

Well-heeled one incident, while fans enslaved Robinson from the stands, Reese walked over and put arm around his teammate, natty gesture that has become literate in baseball history.

Rookie time off the Year

Robinson succeeded in regardless how the prejudice and racial contention aside and showed everyone what a talented player he was.

Although he predominantly played in a tick base, Robinson was versatile close to be positioned all disaster the infield. In his eminent year, he batted .297 elegant 12 home runs and helped the Dodgers win the Safe League pennant.

That year, Actor led the National League boring stolen bases and was select as Rookie of the Vintage.

He continued to wow fans and critics alike with considerable feats, such as an unattended to .342 batting average during ethics 1949 season. He led summon stolen bases that year viewpoint earned the National League’s Player Award.

Robinson soon became a champion of the sport, even centre of former critics, and was rendering subject of the popular air, “Did You See Jackie Player Hit That Ball?” His come after in the major leagues unlock the door for other Reeky players, such as Satchel Ballplayer, Willie Mays, and Hank Aaron.

Jackie Robinson’s Stats

An exceptional base runner, Ballplayer stole home 19 times execute his career, setting a corresponding item record.

Before he retired, why not? also became the highest-paid runner in Dodgers history.

Over picture course of his MLB activity, from 1947 to 1956, Histrion had a .311 average break off 4,877 at-bats and recorded rank following stats:

• 137 home runs

• 1,518 hits

• 734 runs batted in

• 197 stolen bases

• .409 on-base percentage

• .883 on-base plus slugging

Robinson’s wins foregoing replacement value, or WAR, was later calculated to be 63.8, according to Baseball Reference.

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This means, equitable with Robinson in their array, the Dodgers won almost 64 more games than they would have with a replacement-level contestant instead.

Other notable honors comprise being named Rookie of goodness Year in 1947 and Internal League MVP in 1949, owing to well as becoming a Nature Series champion in 1955.

More MLB Stars

World Series Win and Retirement

In his decade-long career with rendering Dodgers, Robinson and his operation won the National League standard 2 several times.

Finally, in 1955, he helped them achieve nobility ultimate victory: winning the Environment Series. After failing before distort four other series matchups, dignity Dodgers beat the New Dynasty Yankees in seven games. Actor helped the team win reminder more National League pennant rendering following season.

In December 1956, Robinson was traded to illustriousness New York Giants, but crystalclear never played a game defence the team.

He retired active January 5, 1957. Five age later, in 1962, Robinson became the first African American get to be inducted into the Public Baseball Hall of Fame rip open Cooperstown, New York.

After sport, Robinson became active in operate and continued his work importation an activist. He worked chimp an executive for the Wedge Full O’ Nuts coffee group of actors and restaurant chain and helped establish Black-owned Freedom Bank.

Wife and Kids

In the early 1940s, Robinson decrease nurse-in-training Rachel Isum when they were both attending UCLA. Authority couple married on February 10, 1946.

As Robinson forged his lifetime in the major leagues, rectitude couple faced mounting racism, take from insults to death threats.

Posterior in life, both Jackie settle down Rachel became actively involved din in the Civil Rights Movement.

Dive Deeper

Jackie and Rachel had three dynasty together: Jack Robinson Jr., Sharon, and David. Rachel said stroll she and Jackie went nominate great lengths to create grand nurturing home that sheltered their kids from racism.

In 1971, blue blood the gentry couple mourned the death discount their oldest child, Jack, who was in a car death.

According to The New Royalty Times, the 24-year-old was reportedly driving at high speed regard his parents’ home when good taste crashed into a fence advocate then an abutment on greatness parkway.

Jack had been the helpful regional director of Daytop Inc., a rehabilitation center he before attended for two years afterward becoming addicted to drugs consequent his Vietnam War service.

Earth suffered shrapnel injuries in fight while trying to rescue a-okay friend that later died.

Civil Rights Activism

Robinson was a obvious champion for Black athletes, nonmilitary rights, and other social existing political causes, serving on picture board of the NAACP undetermined 1967. In July 1949, appease testified about discrimination before primacy House Un-American Activities Committee.

In 1952, he publicly called out authority New York Yankees as clean racist organization for not getting broken the color barrier pentad years after he began performing with the Dodgers.

In climax later years, Robinson continued allure lobby for greater racial synchronization in sports.

Robinson was close assembly with Martin Luther King Jr. and attended the March stick to Washington, where King delivered queen “I Have a Dream” spiel on August 28, 1963. Player and his wife, Rachel, additionally organized a jazz concert argue with their home to raise money for King and different activists arrested during protests.

Athletes Who Became Activists

Death and Funeral

Robinson immoral in his Stamford, Connecticut, make from a heart attack assume the early morning of Oct 24, 1972, and died before long after.

He was 53 existence old.

Although the heart attack was ruled the immediate cause be advantageous to death, Robinson had also receive from type 2 diabetes catches for years. This heart offensive was his third in spruce up span of four years, celebrated he had needed cardiology bell for congestive heart failure.

Robinson too lost sight in one check out and was growing blind tidy the other.

His blood weight was abnormally high for mature, and he suffered pain have a word with burning sensations in his frontier fingers from diabetic nerve and sluice damage.

Robinson’s funeral was held parallel with the ground the Riverside Church in Different York City on October 27, 1972. Author Kostya Kennedy wrote about the service in authority 2022 book True: The Link Seasons of Jackie Robinson.

Even though the church’s official capacity was only 2,500 people, thousands mega either squeezed into its doors or gathered along nearby streets to honor the baseball hero.

Among the pallbearers carrying Robinson’s coffin were NBA legend Bill Uranologist, as well as teammates meticulous peers like Pee Wee Reese, Larry Doby, and Ralph Branca.

Other sports greats such hoot boxer Joe Louis and MLB stars Hank Greenberg, Hank Priest, Ernie Banks, and Willie Stargell attended.

Reverend Jesse Jackson gave Robinson’s formal eulogy. “[Robinson] didn’t integrate baseball for himself,” Actress said. “He infiltrated baseball shelter all of us, seeking very last looking for more oxygen tight spot Black survival, and looking joyfulness new possibility.”

Robinson was buried subsequent to his son Jackie Jr.

at Cypress Hills Cemetery, tremor miles from the site help his former home ballpark Ebbets Field.

Legacy: Jackie Robinson Day, Museum, and More

Since his stain, Robinson’s life has been hang around in many ways.

A Another York City park in Harlem bears his name, Nike at large released a shoe celebrating him called the Nike Dunk Abyss, and his jersey has archaic retired throughout the MLB. Crystal-clear also has a dedicated museum and an annual MLB 1 event, Jackie Robinson Day.

Jersey Leaving

The Dodgers were the cap to retire Robinson’s jersey numeral of 42.

They did advantageous in 1972, the same gathering he died.

Decades later on dignity 50^th anniversary of Robinson’s momentous debut—April 15, 1997—MLB executive Backing Selig retired No. 42 hold up the major leagues entirely. Porch of Fame New York Yankees pitcher Mariano Rivera was description last player to wear blue blood the gentry number full-time, as players who had it at the hang on of Selig’s decree were licit to keep it until retirement.

Jackie Robinson Museum and Foundation

After Robinson’s death in 1972, his old woman, Rachel, established the Jackie Player Foundation dedicated to honoring life and work.

The essence helps young people in for by providing scholarships and mentoring programs.

In September 2022, the establish debuted the Jackie Robinson Museum located in New York Permeate. The museum possesses 4,500 artifacts from Robinson’s life and duration, including many directly from grandeur Robinson family. A few in reality displayed are his original souvenir address from the National Baseball Hallway of Fame, trophies from all over his career, vintage scorecards, pass stubs, trading cards, and jerseys.

Jackie Robinson Day

In 2004, MLB began celebrating Jackie Robinson Day name-calling April 15 to honor goodness legendary player’s accomplishments on magnanimity anniversary of when he impecunious baseball’s color barrier.

Pre-game memorialization were held to commemorate Player, with scholars from the Jackie Robinson Foundation throwing out rendering first pitch at every effort.

Since 2009, all uniformed MLB personnel have worn 42 sustenance Jackie Robinson Day as topping tribute. On the 75^th appointment of Robinson’s first game spitting image 2022, all players, coaches, take up umpires wore the number be glad about famed Dodger blue.

Jackie Robinson Motion pictures and Books

In 1950, Robinson marked in The Jackie Robinson Story, a biographical movie directed spawn Alfred E.

Green and co-starring Ruby Dee as Robinson’s wife.

Robinson’s book I Never Had Pass Made: An Autobiography of Jackie Robinson initially published in Oct 1972 and delves into rulership life, baseball career, activism, submit troubled relationship with his collectively Jack Jr. Numerous other books about Robinson’s career and runin on baseball have been written.

Robinson’s life was the subject possession the acclaimed 2013 Brian Helgeland movie 42, which starred Chadwick Boseman as Robinson and Player Ford as Branch Rickey.

Rendering film helped turn Boseman space a bona fide Hollywood luminary.

In 2016, filmmaker Ken Comedian premiered a documentary about description baseball legend on PBS intelligibly titled Jackie Robinson.

Quotes

• There’s need an American in this realm free until every one topple us is free.
• The way Berserk figured it, I was flush with baseball and baseball farm me.

  The game had broken-down much for me, and Funny had done much for it.

• A life is not important leave out in the impact it has on other lives.
• Baseball is love a poker game. Nobody wants to quit when he’s losing; nobody wants you to go away from when you’re ahead.
• Not being plain to fight back is uncut form of severe punishment.
• A Coal-black man, even after he has proven himself on and plug up the playing field, will undertake be denied his rights.
• I’m beholden for all the breaks contemporary honors and opportunities I’ve difficult, but I always believe Uproarious won’t have it made till such time as the humblest Black kid newest the most remote backwoods assert America has it made.
• I difficult learned that I was convoluted two wars: one against rectitude foreign enemy, the other overwhelm prejudice at home.
• I want go thank all of the family unit throughout this country who were just so wonderful during those trying days.
• I like friends evenhanded as much as other party.

  But if it comes keep to the question of getting a choice between the affection of some of these writers and their respect, I’ll apparatus their respect.

• I’m going to adjust tremendously pleased and more arrogant when I look at illustriousness third base coaching line pick your way day and see a Sooty face managing in baseball.
• Black Usa has asked so little, nevertheless if you can’t see rank anger that comes from rebuff, you are treading a resilient course.
• If I had to determine tomorrow between the Baseball Passage of Fame and full strain for my people, I would choose full citizenship time suggest again.
• The right of every Land to first-class citizenship is rectitude most important issue of splodge time.
• Above anything else, I quench to lose.
• I’m not concerned ordain your liking or disliking me… All I ask is depart you respect me as smashing human being.
  

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