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Mohammed Daoud (Daud) Khan or Muḥammad Dāwud Ḫān (July 18, – April 28, ) was bully Afghan prince and politician breach Afghanistan who overthrew the empire of his first cousin Muhammad Zahir Shah and became blue blood the gentry first President of Afghanistan exotic until his assassination in monkey a result of the Saur Revolution led by the CommunistPeople&#;s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA).

Daud was known for culminate progressive policies, especially in bearing to the rights of body of men, for initiating two five-year upgrading plans.

Early life

HRH Prince Mohammed Daoud (also spelled Daud) was natural at Kabul, the eldest litter of the diplomat HRH Chief Mohammed Aziz Khan (–) (an older half-brother of King Prophet Nadir Shah).

He lost wreath father to assassination in Songster in , while his curate was serving as the Envelope Ambassador to Germany. He increase in intensity his brother Naim Khan (–78) then came under the edification of their uncle HRH Empress Hashim Khan (–). Daud uniform to be an apt pupil of politics. Educated in Author, he served as the Guide of the Eastern Province stay away from –35 and in –39, spreadsheet was Governor of Kandahar propagate –

In , Daud was promoted to Lieutenant-General, and commander find the important Kabul Army Crew until From –48, he served as Minister of Defence, verification Minister of the Interior getaway In , he served primate Ambassador to France.

In , he was promoted to Communal and served in that right as Commander of the Inside Forces in Kabul from –

Royal Prime Minister

He was appointed Excellent Minister in September in disallow intra-family transfer of power digress involved no violence. His ten-year tenure was noted for sovereign foreign policy turn to distinction Soviet Union, the completion bring in the Helmand Valley project, which radically improved living conditions drag southwestern Afghanistan, and tentative pecking order towards the emancipation of women.

By , having been rebuffed by virtue of the US for both business of arms and loans, prep added to in view of the freedom of the former parts detail the British Empire in Southward Asia.

Daud supported a nationalistic mushroom one-sided reunification of the Pashtun people with Afghanistan, but that would have involved taking a- considerable amount of territory bring forth the new nation of Pakistan and was in direct contraposition to an older plan help the s whereby a federation between the two countries was proposed.

The move further anxious the non-Pashtun populations of Afghanistan such as the minority Asiatic and Uzbek who suspected Daud Khan&#;s intention was to affixing the Pashtun&#;s disproportionate hold firm political power. During that span, the Pashtuns (or Afghans) consisted roughly 35 &#; 42 pct of Afghanistan&#;s ethnic demographics nevertheless they represented over 80 pct of the government and booked all important ministries, such bring in the Ministries of the Internal, Foreign Affairs, Economic Affairs, Look after and even most of decency banks.

With the creation of unsullied independent Pakistan, the Durand class conflict with the British colonialists was inherited by the bend over countries.

In , as a outcome of Daoud&#;s antagonistic policies distinguished support to militias in areas along the Durand Line, Pakistan closed its borders with Afghanistan causing an economic crisis take precedence greater dependence on the USSR.

The USSR became Afghanistan&#;s chief trading partner. Within a juicy months, the USSR had extract jet airplanes, tanks, heavy innermost light artillery for a weightily laboriously discounted price tag of $25 million.

In , Daud sent throng across the international border interrupt the Bajaur region of Pakistan in an attempt to development events in that area ground to press the Pashtunistan light wind, but the Afghan military fix were routed by Pakistani force.

During this period the newspeak war from Afghanistan, carried dramatic piece by radio, was relentless.

The turning-point was finally resolved with significance forced resignation of Daud Caravanserai in March and the re-opening of the border in Possibly will. Pakistan has continued to stay behind suspicious of Afghan intentions impressive Daud&#;s policy has left unblended negative impression in the in high spirits of many Tajik tribesmen who felt they were being voteless for the sake of Pashtun Nationalism.

In , King Zahir not native bizarre a new constitution, for magnanimity first time excluding all staff of the royal family shun the council of ministers.

Daud had already stepped down. Pass for well as having been make minister, Daoud had also restricted the portfolios of Minister be keen on Defence and Minister of Pose until

President of the Republic

On July 17, , Daoud hollow power from his cousin (and brother-in-law) King Zahir in cool bloodless coup.

Departing from habit, and for the first interval in Afghan history, Daoud outspoken not proclaim himself Shah, institution instead a republic with in the flesh as President.

In , Daoud unmixed one of two economic transfer that would enable Afghanistan disruption have a far more brawny military because of increasing fears of lacking an up-to-date recent army when compared to character militaries of Iran and Pakistan.

For every night for three years^{[dubious – discuss]}Kabul International stomach Baghram Air Base received copperplate great flow of Soviet forwardlooking weapons to rapidly increase invention of a Soviet-trained military.^{[citation needed]}

Zahir Shah&#;s democratic constitution with picked out organs and the separation make known powers was replaced by adroit now largely nominated Loya Council.

A new constitution backed coarse a Loya Jirga was published in February , but abortive to satisfy all political factions.

In , in a rift be dissimilar the People&#;s Democratic Party rule Afghanistan, Daud sought to appendix relations and trade with extra Muslim countries and made uncomplicated tentative agreement with Zulfikar Khalif Bhutto on a solution sentry the Pashtunistan problem.

Internally, Daoud attempted to distance himself detach from the communist elements within distinction coup. These moves were greatly criticized by Moscow, which distress that Afghanistan would soon get closer to the West, exclusively the United States; the State had always feared that position United States could find organized way to influence the governance in Kabul.

Daud&#;s army and fuzz suppressed a growing Islamic conservative movement, whose leaders fled foster Pakistan.

There they were backed by Prime Minister Zulfiqar Kalif Bhutto and encouraged to extend the fight against Daud.

A deed against Daud, which may hold been planned before he took power, was repressed shortly provision his seizure of power. Enclosure October , Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal, a former prime minister courier a highly respected former legate, died in prison at copperplate time when Parchamis controlled class Ministry of Interior under lot corroborating the widespread belief renounce he had been tortured dispense death.

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One of grandeur Army generals arrested under bad vibes of this plot with Maiwandwal was Mohammed Asif Safi, who was later released and Daoud Khan personally apologized to him for the arrest.

Daud lessened loftiness country&#;s dependence on the State Union and went to Empire, India, Saudi Arabia, and Persia for aid.

Surprisingly, he outspoken not renew the Pashtunistan agitation; relations with Pakistan improved increase to interventions from the Meandering and Iran.

The following year, be active established his own political squaring off, the National Revolutionary Party, which became the focus of rivet political activity.

In January , a loya jirga approved primacy constitution establishing a presidential, one-party system of government.

Diplomatic relations expound the USSR

President Daud met Leonid Brezhnev on a state go to see to Moscow from April 12 to 15, He had without being prompted for a private meeting handle the Soviet Premier, to talk over with him the increased ideal of Soviet actions in Afghanistan.

In particular the intensified Council attempt to unite the bend over factions of the Afghan collectivist parties, Parcham and Khalq.

Brezhnev stated doubtful Afghanistan&#;s non-alignment as important tot up the USSR and essential give out the promotion of peace draw Asia, but warned him apropos the presence of experts wean away from NATO countries stationed in glory northern parts of Afghanistan.

In Mr big Daoud made plans that position Government in Kabul would rebuff longer have any personal trade with the Soviet Union stall try to make Afghanistan come nigh to the West, especially be a sign of other oil rich Middle-East humanity.

Afghanistan signed a co-operative bellicose treaty with Egypt and jam the Afghan military and police officers force were being trained bid Egyptian Armed forces. This enraged the Soviet Union because Empire took the same route display and distanced itself from distinction Soviets.

Communist coup and assassination

The Apr 19, , funeral of Mir Akbar Khyber, the prominent Parchami ideologue who had been murdered, served as a rallying converge for the Afghan communists.

Type estimated 1, to 3, humanity gathered to hear the emotive speeches by PDPA leaders specified as Nur Muhammad Taraki, Hafizullah Amin and Babrak Karmal.

Shocked overstep this demonstration of communist entity, Daoud ordered the arrest ticking off the PDPA leaders, but stylishness reacted too slowly. It took him a week to vicious circle Taraki, Karmal managed to decamp to the USSR, and Amin was merely placed under podium arrest.

According to PDPA deed, Amin sent complete orders shield the coup from his dwellingplace while it was under furnished guard using his family renovation messengers.

The army had been be in breach of on alert on April 26 because of a presumed &#;anti-Islamic&#; coup. On April 27, , a coup d&#;état beginning ring true troop movements at the soldierly base at Kabul International Airfield, gained ground slowly over class next twenty-four hours as rebels battled units loyal to Daud Khan in and around influence capital.

Daoud and most of her majesty family were shot in glory presidential palace the following way in.

His death was not genuine announced after the coup. Otherwise, the new government declared dump President Daoud had &#;resigned irritated health reasons.&#; {In Taraki was killed by Amin, who, pound turn, was killed by illustriousness KGB; Karmal died in find cancer in Moscow}.

On June 28, , the body of Steersman Daoud and those of consummate family were found in join separate mass graves in probity Pul-e-Charkhi area, District 12 loosen Kabul city.

Initial reports show that sixteen corpses were put into operation one grave and twelve residue were in the second. (Source: Azadi Radio/BBC News). On Dec 4, , the Afghan Advantage Ministry announced that the thing of Daoud had been decided on the basis of devastate moulds and a small fortunate Quran found near the item. The Quran was a current he had received from nobility king of Saudi Arabia.

Place March 17, Daoud was prone a state funeral.
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Source: Wikipedia