Clara schumann a romantic biography of mahatma

German pianist and composer (1819–1896)

Clara Josephine Schumann (German:[ˈklaːʁaˈʃuːman]; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a Teutonic pianist, composer, and piano dominie. Regarded as one of birth most distinguished pianists of probity Romantic era, she exerted cross influence over the course loosen a 61-year concert career, distinguishable the format and repertoire competition the piano recital by reduction the importance of purely virtuosic works.

She also composed unaccompanie piano pieces, a piano concerto (her Op. 7), chamber opus, choral pieces, and songs.

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She grew up impossible to tell apart Leipzig, where both her pop Friedrich Wieck and her female parent Mariane were pianists and pianoforte teachers. In addition, her popular was a singer. Clara was a child prodigy, and was trained by her father. She began touring at age cardinal, and was successful in Town and Vienna, among other cities. She married the composer Parliamentarian Schumann, on 12 September 1840, and the couple had set alight children.

Together, they encouraged Johannes Brahms and maintained a pioneer relationship with him. She gave the public premieres of hang around works by her husband with the addition of by Brahms.

After Robert Schumann's early death, she continued collect concert tours in Europe tutor decades, frequently with the musician Joseph Joachim and other sepulchre musicians.

Beginning in 1878, she was an influential piano professional at Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium envelop Frankfurt, where she attracted supranational students. She edited the announce of her husband's work. Composer died in Frankfurt, but was buried in Bonn beside uncultivated husband.

Several films have industrious on Schumann's life, the primitive being Träumerei (Dreaming) of 1944.

A 2008 film, Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), was directed invitation Helma Sanders-Brahms. An image worldly Clara Schumann from an 1835 lithograph by Andreas Staub was featured on the 100 Deutsche Mark banknote from 1989 in 2002. Interest in her compositions began to revive in magnanimity late 20th century, and scrap 2019 bicentenary prompted new books and exhibitions.

Life

Early life

Family

Clara Josephine Wieck [ˈklaːʀaˈjoːzɛfiːnˈviːk] was born hill Leipzig on 13 September 1819 to Friedrich Wieck and consummate wife Mariane (née Tromlitz). Afflict mother was a famous songster in Leipzig who performed hebdomadal piano and soprano solos recoil the Gewandhaus.

Clara's parents challenging irreconcilable differences, in part advantage to her father's unyielding style. Prompted by an affair amidst her mother and Adolph Bargiel, her father's friend, the Wiecks were divorced in 1825, involve Mariane later marrying Bargiel. Five-year-old Clara remained with her papa while Mariane and Bargiel sooner or later moved to Berlin, limiting converge between Clara and her encase to written letters and desultory visits.

Child prodigy

From an early hold up, Clara's father planned her duration and life down to honourableness smallest detail.

She started receipt basic piano instruction from equal finish mother at the age notice four. After her mother troubled out, she began taking common one-hour lessons from her sire. They included subjects such whereas piano, violin, singing, theory, concord, composition, and counterpoint. She run away with had to practice for glimmer hours every day.

Her clergyman followed the methods in rule own book, Wiecks pianistische Erziehung zum schönen Anschlag und zum singenden Ton ("Wieck's Piano Raising for a Delicate Touch countryside a Singing Sound.") Her lilting studies came largely at ethics expense of her broader usual education, although she still troubled religion and languages under give someone the brush-off father's control of the family.

Clara Wieck made her official coming out on 28 October 1828 hatred the Gewandhaus in Leipzig, bear out age nine.

The same generation, she performed at the Metropolis home of Ernst Carus, president of the mental hospital have doubts about Colditz Castle. There, she trip over another gifted young pianist who had been invited to righteousness musical evening, Robert Schumann, who was nine years older. Composer admired Clara's playing so well-known that he asked permission breakout his mother to stop turned off law, which had never involved him much, and take penalisation lessons with Clara's father.

In detail taking lessons, he rented boss room in the Wieck house and stayed about a year.

From September 1831 to April 1832, Clara toured Paris and cover up European cities, accompanied by present father. In Weimar, she achieve a bravura piece by Henri Herz for Goethe, who suave her with a medal observe his portrait and a backhand note saying: "For the brilliant artist Clara Wieck".

During walk tour, the violinist Niccolò Violinist, who was also in Town, offered to appear with dead heat. Her Paris recital was crudely attended because many people difficult fled the city due nominate an outbreak of cholera. Honourableness tour marked her transition stick up a child prodigy to cool young woman performer.

Success in Vienna

From December 1837 to April 1838, at the age of 18, Wieck performed a series blond recitals in Vienna.^[12]Franz Grillparzer, Austria's leading dramatic poet, wrote precise poem entitled "Clara Wieck come to rest Beethoven" after hearing her accept Beethoven's Appassionata sonata during collective of these recitals.^[12] She done to sell-out crowds and eulogistic critical reviews; Benedict Randhartinger, organized friend of Franz Schubert, gave her an autographed copy be proper of Schubert's Erlkönig, inscribing it "To the celebrated artist, Clara Wieck."^[12] Chopin described her playing abut Franz Liszt, who came nominate hear one of Wieck's concerts and subsequently praised her immoderately in a letter that was published in the Parisian Revue et Gazette Musicale and subsequent, in translation, in the City journal Neue Zeitschrift für Musik.^[13] On 15 March, she was named a Königliche und Kaiserliche Österreichische Kammer-virtuosin ("Royal and August Austrian Chamber Virtuoso"), Austria's chief musical honor.^[13]

An anonymous music judge, describing her Vienna recitals, said: "The appearance of this virtuoso can be regarded as epochal.

In her creative hands, illustriousness most ordinary passage, the summit routine motive acquires a firstclass meaning, a colour, which those with the most masterly artistry can give."

Lasting relationships

Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann was a little writer than nine years older mystify Wieck.

In 1837, when she was 18, he proposed give rise to her and she accepted. Parliamentarian then asked her father unjustifiable her hand in marriage. Friedrich was strongly opposed to honesty marriage, and refused his in shape. Robert and Clara decided form go to court and imprints him. The judge allowed say publicly marriage, which took place behave Schönefeld church on 12 Sep 1840, the day before Clara's 21st birthday, when she concluded majority status.

From then solidify, the couple maintained a collective musical and personal diary illustrate their life together.

In February 1854, Robert Schumann had a cerebral collapse, attempted suicide, and was admitted, at his request, contact a sanatorium in the neighbourhood pub of Endenich near Bonn, he stayed for the extreme two years of his believable.

In March 1854, Brahms, Violinist, Albert Dietrich, and Julius Otto Grimm spent time with Clara Schumann, playing music for breather and with her to switch her mind from the disaster. Brahms composed some private softly pieces for her to assuagement her: four piano pieces deliver a set of variations think it over a theme by Robert Composer that she had also fated variations on a year in advance, as her Op.

20. Leadership music by Brahms was sound intended to be published, however for her alone. Brahms afterward thought to publish them anonymously, but eventually they were progress as his four Ballades, Luxurious. 10, and Variations on unadulterated Theme by Robert Schumann, Cudgel. 9. Brahms dedicated the downs to both Schumanns, hoping think it over Robert would be released before you know it and rejoined with his family.

For the entire two years hold Robert Schumann's stay at description institution, his wife was call for permitted to visit him, length Brahms visited him regularly.

While in the manner tha it was apparent that Parliamentarian was near death, she was finally admitted to see him. He appeared to recognize attend, but could only speak span few words. Robert Schumann suitably two days later, on 29 July 1856.

Joseph Joachim

The Schumanns cap met violinist Joseph Joachim observe November 1844, when he was 14 years old.

A day later, Clara Schumann wrote take delivery of her diary that in straighten up concert on 11 November 1845, "little Joachim was very wellknown liked. He played a newborn violin concerto by Felix Composer, which is said to well wonderful." In May 1853, they heard Joachim play the lone part in Beethoven's Violin Concerto. She wrote that he fake "with a finish, a ingratiate yourself of poetic feeling, his full soul in every note, good ideally, that I have not at any time heard violin-playing like it, skull I can truly say cruise I have never received fair indelible an impression from inferior virtuoso." A lasting friendship urbane between Clara and Joseph, which for more than forty never failed her in characteristics great or small, never wavered in its loyalty.

Over her pursuit, Schumann gave over 238 concerts with Joachim in Germany obscure Britain, more than with some other artist.

The two were particularly noted for their doing of Beethoven's violin sonatas.

Johannes Brahms

In early 1853, the then-unknown 20-year-old Johannes Brahms met Joachim alight made a very favorable be aware of. Brahms received from him well-ordered letter of introduction to Parliamentarian Schumann, and thus presented being at the Schumanns' home clasp Düsseldorf.

Brahms played some nigh on his piano solo compositions means the Schumanns, and they were deeply impressed. Robert published have in mind article highly lauding Brahms, see Clara wrote in the journal that Brahms "seemed as assuming sent straight from God".

During Parliamentarian Schumann's last years, confined defile an asylum, Brahms was organized strong presence for the Pianist family.

His letters indicate her majesty strong feelings for Clara.^[32] Their relationship has been interpreted translation somewhere between friendship and adore, and Brahms always maintained authority utmost respect for her, rightfully a woman and a skilful musician.^[32]

Brahms played his First Opus for her before its debut.

She gave some advice request the Adagio, which he took to heart. She expressed breather appreciation of the Symphony renovation a whole, but mentioned contain dissatisfaction with the endings methodical the third and fourth movements. She was the first regarding perform many of his plant in public, including the Variations and Fugue on a Subject by Handel, a solo keyboard work written by Brahms contain 1861.

Concert tours

Clara Schumann first toured England in April 1856, length her husband was still extant but unable to travel.

She was invited to play touch a chord a London Philharmonic Society^[a] consensus by conductor William Sterndale Flyer, a good friend of Robert's. She was displeased with justness little time spent on rehearsals: "They call it a drill here if a piece deference played through once." She wrote that musical "artists" in England "allow themselves to be disposed as inferiors." She was decayed, though, to hear the violoncellist Alfredo Piatti play with "a tone, a bravura, a sure thing, such as I never heard before".

In May 1856, she played Robert Schumann's Piano Concerto in A minor with character New Philharmonic Society^[b] conducted by way of Dr Wylde, who as she said had "led a lousy rehearsal" and "could not seize the rhythm of the dense movement". Still, she returned traverse London the following year champion continued to perform in Kingdom for the next 15 years.

In October–November 1857, Schumann and Violinist went on a recital string to Dresden and James's Fascinate in London, which opened upgrade 1858, hosted a series announcement "Popular Concerts" of chamber music.^[c] Joachim visited London annually steps in 1866.^[40] Schumann also drained many years in London active in the Popular Concerts date Joachim and the celebrated European cellist Carlo Alfredo Piatti.

Following violinist Louis Ries (nephew discern composer Ferdinand Ries) and violist J. B. Zerbini usually touched on the same concert programs. George Bernard Shaw, the cover playwright and also a sonata critic, wrote that the Accepted Concerts helped greatly to general and enlighten musical taste razor-sharp England.

In January 1867, Schumann toured Edinburgh and Glasgow, Scotland, be a consequence with Joachim, Piatti, Ries, gift Zerbini.

Two sisters, Louisa crucial Susanna Pyne, singers and managers of an opera company pull England, and a man known as Saunders, made all the march. She was accompanied by refuse oldest daughter Marie, who wrote from Manchester to her associate Rosalie Leser that in Capital the pianist "was received farm tempestuous applause and had delve into give an encore, so challenging Joachim.

Piatti, too, is on all occasions tremendously liked." Marie also wrote: "For the longer journeys miracle had a saloon [car], effortlessly furnished with arm-chairs and sofas... the journey ... was exceedingly comfortable." On this occasion, grandeur musicians were not "treated likewise inferiors".

Later life

Concerts

Schumann still performed deftly in the 1870s and Decennary.

She performed extensively and traditionally throughout Germany during these decades, and had engagements in Oesterreich, Hungary, Belgium, Holland, and Svizzera. When in Basel, Switzerland, she often stayed with the Von der Mühll family.^[44] She drawn-out her annual winter-spring concert voyage of England, giving 16 position them between 1865 and 1888, often with violinist Joachim.

She took a break from concert annals, beginning in January 1874, repeal her usual England tour terminate to an arm injury.

Make happen July, she consulted a dr., who having massaged the rod, advised her to practice fetch only one hour a broad daylight. She rested for the relic of the year before reversive to the concert stage notch March 1875. She had keen fully recovered, and experienced supplementary neuralgia in her arm correct in May, reporting that she "could not write on fail to take of my arm".

By Oct 1875, she had recovered generous to begin another tour wear Germany.

In addition to alone piano recitals, chamber music, dowel accompanying singers, she continued concentrate on perform frequently with orchestras. Bay 1877, she performed Beethoven's Ordinal Piano Concerto in Berlin, polished Woldemar Bargiel conducting, her stepbrother by her mother's second cooperation, and had tremendous success.

Bring 1883, she performed Beethoven's Choral Fantasy with the newly-formed Songster Philharmonic, and was enthusiastically illustrious, although she was playing reach an agreement an injured hand in pronounce pain, having fallen on copperplate staircase the previous day. Afterward that year she played Beethoven's Fourth Piano Concerto (with drop own cadenzas) with Joachim governing the same orchestra, again assessment great acclaim.

In 1885, Pianist once again joined Joachim guidance Mozart's Piano Concerto in Rotation minor, again playing her worldwide cadenzas. The following day, she played her husband's Piano Concerto with Bargiel conducting. "I fantasize I played fresher than ever", she wrote to Brahms, "What I liked very much dance the concert was that Rabid was able to give Woldemar the direction of it, who had longed for such solve opportunity for years."

She played accumulate last public concert in Metropolis on 12 March 1891.

High-mindedness last work she played was Brahms's Variations on a Idea by Haydn, in a secret code for two pianos, with Book Kwast.

Teaching

In 1878, Schumann was qualified the first piano teacher star as the new Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium in Frankfurt. She had horrible Frankfurt among offers from City, Hannover, and Berlin, because honesty director, Joachim Raff, had force her conditions: she could quite a distance teach more than 1-1/2 noon per day, was free finish teach at her home, most important had four months of stir and time off for therefore tours in winter.

She prescribed two assistants, with her spawn Marie and Eugenie in mind.

She was the only woman boundary the faculty. Her fame curious students from abroad, including Kingdom and the United States. She trained only advanced pupils, largely young women, while her yoke daughters gave lessons to beginners. Among her 68 known session who made a musical life's work were Natalia Janotha, Fanny Davies, Nanette Falk, Amina Goodwin, Carl Friedberg, Leonard Borwick, Ilona Eibenschütz, Adelina de Lara, Mary Wurm,Marie Olson^[52] and Jane Roeckel.^[44] Integrity Konservatorium held events to hold her 50th year on lay it on thick in 1878 and her Sixtieth career anniversary ten years ulterior.

She held the teaching pass on until 1892 and contributed gravely to the improvement of up to date piano playing technique.

Death

Clara Schumann receive a stroke on 26 Go 1896, and died on 20 May at age 76. She was buried in Bonn mad Alter Friedhof next to dip husband, according to her mix wish.

Family life

Robert Schumann gave diadem wife a diary on their wedding day.

His first journal indicates that it should deduct as an autobiography of grandeur family's personal lives, especially racket the couple, and of their desires and accomplishments in prestige arts. It also functioned because a record of their aesthetically pleasing endeavors and growth. She with care accepted the arrangement of great shared diary, as evidenced from end to end of her many entries.

It demonstrates her loyal love for assembly husband, with a desire pay homage to combine two lives into tiptoe artistically, although this life-long intention involved risks.

The couple remained put out of articulation partners in both family discrimination and their careers. She premiered many of his works, outsider solo piano works to assemblage own piano versions of king orchestral works.

She often took accusation of finances and general home affairs.

Part of her subject included earning money by abrasive concerts, though she continued nominate play throughout her life, cry just for the income on the contrary because she was an graphic designer by training and nature. Nobility burden of family duties accumulated over time and narrowed junk ability as an artist. Importance a flourishing composer's wife, she was limited in her carve explorations.

She was the main craftsman for her family and honourableness sole one after her keep was hospitalized and then convulsion.

She gave concerts and cultured, and she did most ingratiate yourself the work of organizing stifle own concert tours. She leased a housekeeper and a avoid to keep house while she was away on her make do tours.

Clara and Robert Schumann esoteric eight children:

• Marie (1841–1929)
• Elise (1843–1928)
• Julie (1845–1872)
• Emil (1846–1847)
• Ludwig (1848–1899)
• Ferdinand (1849–1891)
• Eugenie (1851–1938)
• Felix (1854–1879).

Her life was punctuated by distress.

Her husband was permanently institutionalised after a mental collapse. Pass eldest living son Ludwig agreeable from mental illness like king father and, in her word choice, eventually had to be "buried alive" in an institution. She became deaf in later guts, and she often needed excellent wheelchair. Not only did laid back husband predecease her, but deadpan did four of their breed.

Their first son, Emil, dreary in 1847, aged only 1. Their daughter Julie died extract 1872, leaving two small family aged only 2 and 7, then raised by their granny. In 1879, their son Felix died aged 24. In 1891, their son Ferdinand died soothe the age of 41, leave-taking his children to her care.

Their oldest child Marie was advance great support and help guard her mother, taking the shove of household cook.

Marie further dissuaded her mother from eternal to burn letters that she had received from Brahms which he had asked her anent destroy. Another daughter, Eugenie, who had been too young in the way that her father died to recognize him, wrote a book, Erinnerungen (Memoirs), published in 1925, record her parents and Brahms.

Schumann capitally rescued her children from destructiveness during the May Uprising manner Dresden in 1849.

On goodness evening of 3 May, Parliamentarian and Clara heard that class revolution against King Frederick Octavian II of Saxony for very different from accepting the "constitution for on the rocks German Confederation" had arrived atmosphere Dresden. Most family members left-hand and hid in a "neighbourhood security brigade", but on 7 May, she bravely walked put off to Dresden to rescue jewels three children who had bent left with a maid,^[63] defying a pack of armed troops body who confronted her, then walked back out of the rebound through the dangerous areas swot up.

Music

Performance repertoire

During her lifetime, Pianist was an internationally renowned accord pianist. Over 1,300 concert programs from her performances throughout Accumulation between 1831 through 1889 hold been preserved. She championed high-mindedness works of her husband don other contemporaries such as Music, Chopin and Mendelssohn.

The Schumanns were admirers of Chopin, especially pleasant his Variations on "Là ci darem la mano", and she played the piece herself.

What because she was 14 and throw over future husband 23, he wrote to her:

Tomorrow precisely think eleven o'clock I will perform the adagio from Chopin's Uncertainties and at the same goal I shall think of cheer up very intently, exclusively of on your toes. Now my request is ditch you should do the employ, so that we may performance and meet each other all the rage spirit.

— Robert Schumann

In her early time, her repertoire, selected by give someone the boot father, was showy and display the style common to distinction time, with works by Friedrich Kalkbrenner, Adolf von Henselt, Sigismond Thalberg, Henri Herz, Johann Dick Pixis, Carl Czerny and remove own compositions.

She turned discussion group including compositions by Baroque composers such as Domenico Scarlatti limit Johann Sebastian Bach, but entire especially contemporary music by Pianist, Mendelssohn and her husband, whose music did not attain prevalence until the 1850s.

In 1835, she performed her Piano Concerto hole A minor with the City Gewandhaus Orchestra, conducted by Composer.

On 4 December 1845, she premiered Robert Schumann's Piano Concerto in Dresden. Following the support of Brahms she performed Mozart's Piano Concerto in C petty at the Hanoverian court mushroom in Leipzig.

Along with Arabella Physicist she was one of righteousness first woman pianists to end Beethoven's Hammerklavier Sonata in leak out, doing so on two occasions before 1856.^[69] Her busiest grow older as a performer were mid 1856 and 1873, after stress husband's death.

During this generation, she experienced success as well-ordered performer in Britain, where companion 1865 performance of Beethoven's Keyboard Concerto in G major was met with enormous applause. Importance a chamber musician, she much gave concerts with violinist Composer. In her later career, she frequently accompanied lieder singers drag recitals.

Compositions

See also: List of compositions by Clara Schumann

As part lecture the broad musical education land-dwelling to her by her curate, Clara Wieck learned to ingredient, and from childhood to mid age she produced a moderately good body of work.

Clara wrote that "composing gives me undistinguished pleasure... there is nothing ditch surpasses the joy of sprint, if only because through treasure one wins hours of self-forgetfulness, when one lives in deft world of sound". Her Highlevel meeting. 1 was Quatre Polonaises flareup le pianoforte composed in 1831, and Op.

5 4 Pièces caractéristiques in 1836, all fortepiano pieces for her recitals. She wrote her Piano Concerto current A minor at age 14, with some help from yield future husband. She planned first-class second piano concerto, but nonpareil a Konzertsatz in F small from 1847 survived.

After her addon, she turned to lieder leading choral works.

The couple wrote and published one joint theme in 1841, setting a run of poems by Friedrich Rückert called Liebesfrühling (Spring of Love) in Zwölf Lieder auf Fuehrer. Rückerts Liebesfrühling, her Op. 12 and his Op. 37. Multiple chamber works include the Soft Trio in G minor, Base. 17 (1846) and Three Romances for Violin and Piano, Outrival.

22 (1853), inspired by stress husband's birthday. They were sacred to Joachim, who performed them for George V of Royalty, who declared them a "marvellous, heavenly pleasure".

As she grew senior, she became more preoccupied find out other responsibilities in life pivotal found it hard to difficult regularly, writing, "I once ostensible that I possessed creative genius, but I have given connotation this idea; a woman atrophy not desire to compose – here has never yet been sharpen able to do it.

Be required to I expect to be integrity one?" Her husband also phonetic concern about the effect disturb her composing output:

Clara has composed a series of tiny pieces, which show a harmonious and tender ingenuity such laugh she has never attained formerly. But to have children, significant a husband who is each living in the realm comprehensive imagination, does not go count with composing.

She cannot get something done at it regularly, and Rabid am often disturbed to deliberate how many profound ideas peal lost because she cannot industry them out.

— Robert Schumann

She produced memory to eight compositions every harvest beginning at age 11, undecided her output stopped in 1848, producing only a choral research paper that year for her husband's birthday and leaving her in a tick piano concerto unfinished.

These glimmer works, while reserved for worldweariness opus 18 and 19, were never published. Five years closest, however, when she was 34 in 1853, the year she met Brahms, she engaged expect a flurry of composing, derivative in 16 pieces that year: a set of piano unpredictability on an "Album Leaf" unscrew her husband (his Op. 99 No. 4), eight "Romances" inflame piano solo and for unreal and piano, and seven songs.

These works were published uncut year later, after Robert's lying-in, as her Op. 20 compute 23.

For the next 43 age of her life, she lone composed piano transcriptions of scrunch up by her husband and Music, including 41 transcriptions of Parliamentarian Schumann's lieder (commissioned by a-ok publisher in 1872), and put in order short piano duet commissioned come up with a friend's wedding anniversary break off 1879.

In the last twelvemonth of her life, she sinistral several sketches for piano preludes, designed for piano students, thanks to well as some published cadenzas for her performances of Composer and Mozart piano concertos.

Most past it Clara Schumann's music was on no occasion played by anyone else prosperous largely forgotten until a rebirth of interest in the Seventies.

Today her compositions are progressively performed and recorded.

Editor

Schumann was illustriousness authoritative editor, aided by Music and others, of her husband's works for the publishing unmovable of Breitkopf & Härtel. She also edited 20 sonatas disrespect Domenico Scarlatti, letters (Jugendbriefe) wishy-washy her husband in 1885, essential his piano works with badge and other instructions (Fingersatz make safe Vortragsbezeichnungen) in 1886.

"War of prestige Romantics"

In the early 1840s depiction Schumanns were interested in depiction works of Franz Liszt explode his young composer friends spectacle what eventually became known since the New German School, on the other hand in the second half grow mouldy the decade they both became openly hostile toward Liszt considering of their more musically tory outlook and beliefs, Clara supplementary contrasti so than Robert, as she had long been the a cut above conservative aesthete in the Pianist marriage.

By the mid-1850s, tail end Robert's decline, the young Composer had joined the cause, spreadsheet to promote her ideals contemporary protect what she saw orangutan an attack on her husband's beliefs, she, Brahms, and Patriarch Joachim formed a group obvious conservative musicians who defended Parliamentarian Schumann's critical ideals of justness legacy and respectability of penalisation, the pinnacle of which locked away been Beethoven.

The opposing side drug this "War of the Romantics", a group of radical progressives in music (most of them from Weimar) led by Pianist and Richard Wagner, desired emphasize escape composing under the hunt of Beethoven, but to outdistance the old forms and substance of what music had back number and instead create what opus should be for the forwardlooking.

The Weimar school promoted righteousness idea of program music, magnitude both the Schumanns and Music of the Leipzig/Berlin school were strict in their stance renounce music must and can nonpareil be absolute music, a reputation derisively coined by Wagner.

One accustomed Clara Schumann's difficulties with Pianist stemmed from a philosophical disagreement in performance practice.

He considered that the artist, through mortal and emotional performance, interpreted melody for the audience. When misstep performed, Liszt flailed his battle, tossed his head, and pursed his lips, inspiring a Lisztomania across Europe which has antique compared to the Beatlemania tension female fans of The Beatles over a century later.

Clara, in contrast, came to buy that the personality of probity musician should be suppressed middling that the composer's vision would be clearly evident to listeners.

Partisans led active campaigns with commence demonstrations at concerts, writings obtainable in the press denigrating reputations, and other public slights prearranged to embarrass their adversaries.

Music published a manifesto for integrity "Serious Music" side on 4 May 1861, signed by Clara Schumann, Joachim, Albert Dietrich, Woldemar Bargiel, and twenty others, which decried the purveyors of loftiness "Music of the Future" likewise "contrary to the innermost vital spirit of music, strongly to exist deplored and condemned".

The New Weimar Club, a formal theatre company with Liszt at its feelings, held an anniversary celebration work for the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, the magazine Robert Schumann difficult to understand founded, in his birthplace Zwickau, and conspicuously neglected to decoy members of the opposing come together, including his widow, Clara.

Clara Schumann ceased to perform circle of Liszt's works, and she suppressed her husband's dedication rear Liszt of his Fantasie encompass C major when she accessible his complete works. When she heard that Liszt and Richard Wagner would be participating necessitate a Beethoven centenary festival amuse Vienna in 1870, she refused to attend.

In describing the make a face of the opposing school, Clara Schumann was particularly scathing waning Wagner, writing of his Tannhäuser, that he "wears himself give off in atrocities", describing Lohengrin hoot "horrible", and referring to Tristan und Isolde as "the nigh repugnant thing I have bright seen or heard in relapse my life".

She also complained that Wagner had spoken forfeited her husband, Mendelssohn, and Composer in a "scornful" way. Architect had poked fun at honourableness musical conservatives in an style, portraying them as "a lilting temperance society" awaiting a Liberator. She held Anton Bruckner's One-seventh Symphony in very low cherish and wrote to Brahms, recital it as "a horrible piece".

Bruckner's symphonies were seen gorilla representative of the New Penalisation due to their advanced conformity, massive orchestration and extended time-scale. Schumann was more impressed, even, with the early First Philharmonic in F minor by Richard Strauss; this was before Composer began composing the highly programmatic music for which he afterwards became famous.

Brahms secretly engaged Wagner's music in high reading, and eventually publicly praised Liszt's works as well. Several faultless the proponents and signers topple the manifesto, including Joachim, relented and joined the "other side". The controversy eventually died kill, but Clara Schumann remained staunch in her disapproval of blue blood the gentry New German School's music.

Legacy

Impact during her lifetime

Although Schumann was not widely recognized as uncut composer for many years associate her death, she had straight lasting effect as a player. Trained by her father appoint play by ear and get by heart, she gave public performances take from memory as early as letter thirteen, a fact noted slightly exceptional by her reviewers.

She was one of the cheeriness pianists to perform from reminiscence, making it the standard put concerts. She was also conducive in changing the kind be advantageous to program expected of concert pianists. In her early career, earlier her marriage, she played blue blood the gentry customary bravura pieces designed mention showcase the artist's technique, oftentimes in the form of commerce or variations on popular themes from operas, written by virtuosos such as Thalberg, Herz, lair Henselt.

As it was standard to play one's own compositions, she included at least pooled of her own works bond every program, such as Alternation on a Theme by Composer (Op. 8) and the in favour Scherzo (Op. 10). However, chimpanzee she became a more autonomous artist, her repertoire contained exceptionally music by leading composers.

Schumann simulated pianists through her teaching, which emphasized expression and a revealing tone, with technique subordinated fifty pence piece the intentions of the doer.

One of her students, Mathilde Verne, carried her teaching stopper England where she taught, amidst others, Solomon. Another of jewels students, Carl Friedberg, carried picture tradition to the Juilliard Secondary in America, where his course group included Nina Simone, Malcolm Frager, and Bruce Hungerford.

She was besides instrumental in getting the oeuvre of Robert Schumann recognized, comprehended and added to the assemblage.

She promoted his works assiduously throughout her life.

Film

See also: Enumeration of composers depicted on film

Clara Schumann has been portrayed keep on screen many times. Träumerei (Dreaming), the oldest known Schumann skin, premiered on 3 May 1944 in Zwickau. Possibly the best-known film is Song of Devotion (1947) starring Katharine Hepburn importation Clara, Paul Henreid as Parliamentarian, and Robert Walker as Brahms.

In 1954, Loretta Young portrayed break through on The Loretta Young Show in Season 1, Episode 26: The Clara Schumann Story (first aired on 21 March 1954), in which she supports picture composing career of her spouse, played by George Nader, jump Shelley Fabares and Carleton Hazy.

Young.

Two more recent German flicks are Frühlingssinfonie (Spring Symphony) (1983), starring Nastassja Kinski as Clara, and the 2008 Helma Sanders-Brahms' film Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), where she is portrayed vulgar Martina Gedeck.

Theater

Clara Schumann's life has been explored in the foreboding opera Clara by composer Falls Bond and librettist Barbara Zinn-Krieger^[108] and the two-act opera Ghost Variations by composer Tony Manfredonia and librettist Aiden K.

Feltkamp.^[109]Twin Spirits, a live theatrical operation involving a chamber ensemble custom actors, singers, and musicians, additionally delves into Clara Schumann's animation story.^[110]

Banknote and conservatory

An image fair-haired Clara Schumann from an 1835 lithograph by Andreas Staub was featured on the 100 Deutsche Mark banknote from 2 Jan 1989 until the adoption model the euro on 1 Jan 2002.

The back of nobility banknote shows a grand softness she played and the covering of Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium. Distinction great hall of the conservatory's new building is named care her.

See also

Notes

References